Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Section, Faculty of Medicine, University of Catania , Catania, Italy. calabres@unict.it
Biomedical Research Institute, University of Dundee, United Kingdom
Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Nitric oxide in cell survival: a janus molecule
Nitric oxide (NO), plays multiple roles in the nervous system. In addition to regulating proliferation, survival and differentiation of neurons, NO is involved in synaptic activity, neural plasticity, and memory function. Nitric oxide promotes survival and differentiation of neural cells and exerts long-lasting effects through regulation of transcription factors and modulation of gene expression. Signaling by reactive nitrogen species is carried out mainly by targeted modifications of critical cysteine residues in proteins, including S-nitrosylation and S-oxidation, as well as by lipid nitration. NO and other reactive nitrogen species are also involved in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration, such as in Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson disease, multiple sclerosis, Friedreich ataxia, and Huntington disease. Susceptibility to NO and peroxynitrite exposure may depend on factors such as the intracellular reduced glutathione and cellular stress resistance signaling pathways. Thus, neurons, in contrast to astrocytes, appear particularly vulnerable to the effects of nitrosative stress. This article reviews the current understanding of the cytotoxic versus cytoprotective effects of NO in the central nervous system, highlighting the Janus-faced properties of this small molecule. The significance of NO in redox signaling and modulation of the adaptive cellular stress responses and its exciting future perspectives also are discussed.
Kim YH, Shin SW, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Choi IJ, Kim YI, Park B, Choi JM, Kim SG, Choi J, Park JY, Oh S, Yang HJ, Lim JH, Im JP, Kim JS, Jung HC, Ponzetto A, Figura N, Malfertheiner P, Choi IJ, Kook MC, Kim YI, Cho SJ, Lee JY, Kim CG, Park B, Nam BH, Bae SE, Choi KD, Choe J, Kim SO, Na HK, Choi JY, Ahn JY, Jung KW, Lee J, Kim DH, Chang HS, Song HJ, Lee GH, Jung HY, Seta T, Takahashi Y, Noguchi Y, Shikata S, Sakai T, Sakai K, Yamashita Y, Nakayama T, Leja M, Park JY, Murillo R, Liepniece-karele I, Isajevs S, Kikuste I, Rudzite D, Krike P, Parshutin S, Polaka I, Kirsners A, Santare D, Folkmanis V, Daugule I, Plummer M, Herrero R, Tsukamoto T, Nakagawa M, Kiriyama Y, Toyoda T, Cao X, Corral JE, Mera R, Dye CW, Morgan DR, Lee YC, Lin JT, Garcia Martin R, Matia Cubillo A, Lee SH, Park JM, Han YM, Ko WJ, Hahm KB, Leontiadis GI, Ford AC, Ichinose M, Sugano K, Jeong M, Park JM, Han YM, Park KY, Lee DH, Yoo JH, Cho JY, Hahm KB, Bang CS, Baik GH, Shin IS, Kim JB, Suk KT, Yoon JH, Kim YS, Kim DJ * Helicobacter pylori Eradication for Prevention of Metachronous Recurrence after Endoscopic Resection of Early Gastric Cancer(307 views) N Engl J Med (ISSN: 0028-4793, 0028-4793linking, 1533-4406electronic), 2015 Jun; 30642104201566393291: 749-756. Impact Factor:59.558 ViewExport to BibTeXExport to EndNote
Santulli G, Cipolletta E, Sorriento D, Del Giudice C, Anastasio A, Monaco S, Maione AS, Condorelli G, Puca A, Trimarco B, Illario M, Iaccarino G * CaMK4 gene deletion induces hypertension(349 views) J Am Heart Assoc Journal Of The American Heart Association (ISSN: 2047-9980), 2012; 1(4): N/D-N/D. Impact Factor:2.882 ViewExport to BibTeXExport to EndNote