Keywords: 99mtc-Mibi, Apoptosis, Breast Cancer, Multidrug Resistance, Proliferation, Abc Transporter, Antineoplastic Agent, Biochemical Marker, Cation, Furifosmin Tc 99m, Glycoprotein P, Methoxy Isobutyl Isonitrile Technetium Tc 99m, Molecular Marker, Tetrofosmin Tc 99m, Diagnostic Agent, Radiopharmaceutical Agent, Tumor Marker, Cell Proliferation, Diagnostic Imaging, Drug Clearance, Drug Response, Drug Transport, Drug Uptake, Histology, Human, Image Analysis, Mitochondrion, Nuclear Medicine, Protein Expression, Review, Scintimammography, Treatment Failure, Tumor Growth, Tumor Vascularization, Animal, Breast Tumor, Laboratory Diagnosis, Metabolism, Neovascularization (pathology), Reproducibility, Scintiscanning, Sensitivity And Specificity, Breast Neoplasms, False Negative Reactions, False Positive Reactions, P-Glycoprotein, Reproducibility Of Results, Technetium Tc 99m Sestamibi, Biological,
Affiliations: *** IBB - CNR ***
Inst. of Biostructures and Bioimages, National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
Dept. Biomorphological/Funct. Sci., University Federico II, Naples, Italy
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Ly, J. D., Grubb, D. R., Lawen, A., The mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsi (m)) in apoptosis
Reed, J. C., Apoptosis-regulating proteins as targets for drug discovery (2001) Trends Mol Med, 7, pp. 314-319
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Bom, H. S., Kim, Y. C., Song, H. C., Min, J. J., Kim, J. Y., Park, K. O., Technetium-99m-MIBI uptake in small cell lung cancer (1998) J Nucl Med, 39, pp. 91-94
Kapucu, L. O., Akyuz, C., Vural, G., Oguz, A., Atasever, T., Buyukpamukcu, M., Unlu, M., Evaluation of therapy response in children with untreated malignant lymphomas using technetium-99m-sestamibi (1997) J Nucl Med, 38, pp. 243-247
Cutrone, J. A., Yospur, L. S., Khalkhali, I., Tolmos, J., Devito, A., Diggles, L., Vargas, M. P., French, S., Immunohistologic assessment of technetium-99m-MIBI uptake in benign and malignant breast lesions (1998) J Nucl Med, 39, pp. 449-453
Hickman, E. S., Moroni, M. C., Helin, K., The role of p53 and pRB in apoptosis and cancer (2002) Curr Opin Genet Dev, 12, pp. 60-66
Hsieh, J. K., Fredersdorf, S., Kouzarides, T., Martin, K., Lu, X., E2F1-induced apoptosis requires DNA binding but not transactivation and is inhibited by the retinoblastoma protein through direct interaction (1997) Genes Dev, 11, pp. 1840-1852
Moroni, M. C., Hickman, E. S., Denchi, E. L., Caprara, G., Colli, E., Cecconi, F., Muller, H., Helin, K., Apaf-1 is a transcriptional target for E2F and p53 (2001) Nat Cell Biol, 3, pp. 552-558
De Jong, J. S., Van Diest, P. J., Baak, J. P., Number of apoptotic cells as a prognostic marker in invasive breast cancer (2000) Br J Cancer, 82, pp. 368-373
Archer, C. D., Parton, M., Smith, I. E., Ellis, P. A., Salter, J., Ashley, S., Gui, G., Dowsett, M., Early changes in apoptosis and proliferation following primary chemotherapy for breast cancer (2003) Br J Cancer, 89, pp. 1035-1041
List, A. F., Non-P-glycoprotein drug export mechanisms of multidrug resistance (1997) Semin Hematol, 34, pp. 20-24
Trock, B. J., Leonessa, F., Clarke, R., Multidrug resistance in breast cancer: A meta-analysis of MDR1/gp170 expression and its possible functional significance (1997) J Natl Cancer Inst, 89, pp. 917-931
Sun, S. S., Hsieh, J. F., Tsai, S. C., Ho, Y. J., Lee, J. K., Kao, C. H., Expression of mediated P-glycoprotein multidrug resistance related to Tc-99m MIBI scintimammography results (2000) Cancer Lett, 153, pp. 95-100
Kao, C. H., Tsai, S. C., Liu, T. J., Ho, Y. J., Wang, J. J., Ho, S. T., ChangLai, S. P., P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-related protein expressions in relation to technetium-99m methoxyisobutylisonitrile scintimammography findings (2001) Cancer Res, 61, pp. 1412-1414
Warri, A. M., Huovinen, R. L., Laine, A. M., Martikainen, P. M., Harkonen, P. L., Apoptosis in toremifene-induced growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro (1993) J Natl Cancer Inst, 85, pp. 1412-1418
Mankoff, D. A., Dunnwald, L. K., Gralow, J. R., Ellis, G. K., Schubert, E. K., Charlop, A. W., Tseng, J., Livingston, R. B., [Tc-99m] -sestamibi uptake and washout in locally advanced breast cancer are correlated with tumor blood flow (2002) Nucl Med Biol, 29, pp. 719-727
Yoon, J. H., Bom, H. S., Song, H. C., Lee, J. H., Jaegal, Y. J., Double-phase Tc-99m sestamibi scintimammography to assess angiogenesis and P-glycoprotein expression in patients with untreated breast cancer (1999) Clin Nucl Med, 24, pp. 314-318
Kim, S. W., Park, S. S., Ahn, S. J., Chung, K. W., Moon, W. K., Im, J. G., Yeo, J. S., Noh, D. Y., Identification of angiogenesis in primary breast carcinoma according to the image analysis (2002) Breast Cancer Res Treat, 74, pp. 121-129
Johnstone, R. W., Ruefli, A. A., Lowe, S. W., Apoptosis: A link between cancer genetics and chemotherapy (2002) Cell, 108, pp. 153-164
Tc-99m-MIBI in the evaluation of breast cancer biology
A major area of interest in nuclear medicine is the scintigraphic in vivo evaluation of complex cellular processes involved in tumour growth, progression and response to treatment with the aim of defining the biological properties that may orient clinicians towards different adjustments of therapy in individual patients. In the last decade, (99m) Tc-labelled lipophilic cations emerged as suitable tools to trace specific cellular processes and functions in a variety of malignant tumours, including breast cancer. Among these agents, (99m) Tc-methoxyisobutylisonitrile (MIBI) is the most widely evaluated tracer and may serve as a paradigm for this class of compounds. Many clinical studies have been performed to correlate (99m) Tc-MIBI uptake or clearance with histological, molecular and biochemical markers of various cellular processes, including apoptosis, proliferation, P-glycoprotein expression and neoangiogenesis. The final picture emerging from these studies is that the early tracer uptake reflects the mitochondrial status, which is affected by both apoptosis and proliferation, whereas the tracer clearance reflects the activity of drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein. On the basis of the imaging parameter chosen for the analysis of (99m) Tc-MIBI scan in breast cancer patients, the biological information provided may be related to different cellular processes that ultimately govern tumour response to treatment
Tc-99m-MIBI in the evaluation of breast cancer biology
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