Keywords: Sonovue, Adult, Analytic Method, Article, Brain Blood Flow, Contrast Enhancement, Controlled Study, Echography, Female, Human, Internal Jugular Vein, Major Clinical Study, Multiple Sclerosis, Time Intensity Curve Analysis, Ultrasound Scanner, Vein Blood Flow, Case Control Study, Hemodynamics, Middle Aged, Onset Age, Pathophysiology, Young Adult, Age Of Onset, Case-Control Studies, Regional Blood Flow,
Affiliations: *** IBB - CNR ***
Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging (IBB), Italian National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
IRCCS, SDN Foundation, Institute of Diagnostic and Nuclear Development, Naples, Italy.
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University-School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
Department of Advanced Biomedical Science, Federico II University-School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
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Dawson, J. D., The histology of disseminated sclerosis (1916) Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 50, pp. 517-740
Kilsdonk, I. D., De Graaf, W. L., Barkhof, F., Wattjes, M. P., Inflammation highfield magnetic resonance imaging (2012) Neuroimaging Clin N Am, 22, pp. 135-157
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Chung, C. P., Wang, P. N., Wu, Y. H., Tsao, Y. C., Sheng, W. Y., More severe white matter changes in the elderly with jugular venous reflux (2011) Ann Neurol, 69, pp. 553-559
Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., Banwell, B., Clanet, M., Cohen, J. A., Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 Revisions to the McDonald criteria (2011) Ann Neurol, 69, pp. 292-302
Kurtzke, J. F., Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: An expanded disability status scale (EDSS) (1983) Neurology, 33 (11), pp. 1444-1452
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Haacke, E. M., Feng, W., Utriainen, D., Trifan, G., Wu, Z., Patients with multiple sclerosis with structural venous abnormalities on MR imaging exhibit an abnormal flow distribution of the internal jugular veins (2012) J Vasc Interv Radiol, 23, pp. 60-68
Putnam, T. J., Adler, A., Vascular architecture of the lesions of multiple sclerosis (1937) Arch Neurol Psychiat, 38, pp. 1-5
Gait n, M. I., De Alwis, M. P., Sati, P., Nair, G., Reich, D. S., Multiple sclerosis shrinks intralesional, and enlarges extralesional, brain parenchymal veins (2013) Neurology, 80, pp. 145-151
Jayaraman, M. V., Boxerman, J. L., Davis, L. M., Haas, R. A., Rogg, J. M., Incidence of extrinsic compression of the internal jugular vein in unselected patients undergoing CT angiography (2012) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol, 33 (7), pp. 1247-1250
Internal jugular vein blood flow in multiple sclerosis patients and matched controls
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