Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies , University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" , Via Vivaldi 43 , 81100 Caserta , Italy . Email: roberto.fattorusso@unicampania.it.
Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging , CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16 , 80134 Naples , Italy.
Department of Biochemical Sciences "Alessandro Rossi Fanelli" , University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 , 00185 , Roma , Italy.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" , CNR , Via P. Castellino 111 , 80131 Napoli , Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine , University of Rome "Tor Vergata" , Via Montpellier 1 , 00133 , Roma , Italy.
References: Not available.
Folding mechanisms steer the amyloid fibril formation propensity of highly homologous proteins
Significant advances in the understanding of the molecular determinants of fibrillogenesis can be expected from comparative studies of the aggregation propensities of proteins with highly homologous structures but different folding pathways. Here, we fully characterize, by means of stopped-flow, T-jump, CD and DSC experiments, the unfolding mechanisms of three highly homologous proteins, zinc binding Ros87 and Ml1(53-149) and zinc-lacking Ml4(52-151). The results indicate that the three proteins significantly differ in terms of stability and (un)folding mechanisms. Particularly, Ros87 and Ml1(53-149) appear to be much more stable to guanidine denaturation and are characterized by folding mechanisms including the presence of an intermediate. On the other hand, metal lacking Ml4(52-151) folds according to a classic two-state model. Successively, we have monitored the capabilities of Ros87, Ml4(52-151) and Ml1(53-149) to form amyloid fibrils under native conditions. Particularly, we show, by CD, fluorescence, DLS, TEM and SEM experiments, that after 168 hours, amyloid formation of Ros87 has started, while Ml1(53-149) has formed only amorphous aggregates and Ml4(52-151) is still monomeric in solution. This study shows how metal binding can influence protein folding pathways and thereby control conformational accessibility to aggregation-prone states, which in turn changes aggregation kinetics, shedding light on the role of metal ions in the development of protein deposition diseases.
Folding mechanisms steer the amyloid fibril formation propensity of highly homologous proteins