Neuroprotective Properties of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): State of the Art and Future Pharmaceutical Applications for Alzheimer’s Disease(25 views)(PDF public12 views) Sargsyan T, Simonyan HM, Stepanyan L, Tsaturyan A, Vicidomini C, Pastore R, Guerra G, Roviello GN
Tatevik Sargsyan 1,2,†, Hayarpi M. Simonyan 2,†, Lala Stepanyan 1, Avetis Tsaturyan 1,2, Caterina Vicidomini 3,*,
Raffaele Pastore 4, Germano Guerra 4 and Giovanni N. Roviello 3,*
1 Scientific and Production Center “Armbiotechnology” NAS RA, 14 Gyurjyan Str., Yerevan 0056, Armenia;
tatev-sargsyan@ysu.am (T.S.); lala_stepanyan@rambler.ru (L.S.)
2 Institute of Pharmacy, Yerevan State University, 1 Alex Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
3 Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Italian National Council for Research (IBB-CNR), Area di Ricerca
Site and Headquarters, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
4 Department of Medicine and Health Sciences “Vincenzo Tiberio”, University of Molise, via F. De Santis,
86100 Campobasso, Italy
* Correspondence: caterina.vicidomini@ibb.cnr.it (C.V.); giovanni.roviello@cnr.it (G.N.R.);
Tel.: +39-0812203415 (C.V.)
† These authors contributed equally to this work.
References: Not available.
Neuroprotective Properties of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): State of the Art and Future Pharmaceutical Applications for Alzheimer’s Disease
This study explores the neuropharmacological potential of various molecular
and amino acid components derived from Syzygium aromaticum (clove), an aromatic spice
with a long history of culinary and medicinal use. Key bioactive compounds such as
eugenol, α-humulene, β-caryophyllene, gallic acid, quercetin, and luteolin demonstrate
antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties by scavenging free
radicals, modulating calcium channels, and reducing neuroinflammation and oxidative
stress. Moreover, gallic acid and asiatic acid may exhibit protective effects, including
neuronal apoptosis inhibition, while other useful properties of clove phytocompounds
include NF-κB pathway inhibition, membrane stabilization, and suppression of proinflammatory
pathways, possibly in neurons or other relevant cell types, further
contributing to neuroprotection and cognitive enhancement. Amino acid analysis
revealed essential and non-essential amino acids such as aspartic acid, serine, glutamic
acid, glycine, histidine, and arginine in various clove parts (buds, fruits, branches, and
leaves). These amino acids play crucial roles in neurotransmitter synthesis, immune
modulation, antioxidant defense, and metabolic regulation. Collectively, these bioactive
molecules and amino acids contribute to clove’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
neurotrophic, and neurotransmitter-modulating effects, highlighting its potential as a
preventive and therapeutic candidate for neurodegenerative disorders. While
preliminary preclinical studies support these neuroprotective properties, further
research, including clinical trials, is needed to validate the efficacy and safety of clovebased
interventions in neuroprotection.
Neuroprotective Properties of Clove (Syzygium aromaticum): State of the Art and Future Pharmaceutical Applications for Alzheimer’s Disease