Keywords: Instrumentation, Positron Emission Tomography, Radionuclide Imaging, Rodents, Diagnostic Imaging, Geometry, Health Care Industry, Human, Image Processing, Image Reconstruction, Imaging System, Materials, Medical Instrumentation, Medical Research, Mouse, Nonhuman, Photon Emission Tomography, Priority Journal, Review, Sensitivity Analysis, Single Photon Emission Computer Tomography,
Affiliations: *** IBB - CNR ***
Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Pansini 5, Edificio 10, 80131 Napoli, Italy
Dipartimento di Scienze Biomorfologiche e Funzionali, Università Federico II Napoli, Centro di Ingegneria Genetica e Biotecnologie Avanzate (CEINGE), Napoli, Italy
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Green, M. V., Seidel, J., Vaquero, J. J., Jagoda, E., Lee, I., Eckelman, W. C., High resolution PET, SPECT and projection imaging in small animals (2001) Comput Med Imaging Graph, 25, pp. 79-8
Chatziioannou, A. F., PET scanners dedicated to molecular imaging of small animal models (2002) Mol Imaging Biol, 4, pp. 47-63
Melcher, C. L., Scintillation crystals for PET (2000) J Nucl Med, 41, pp. 1051-1055
van Eijk, C. W., Inorganic scintillators in medical imaging (2002) Phys Med Biol, 47, pp. R85-R106
Humm, J. L., Rosenfeld, A., Del Guerra, A., From PET detectors to PET scanners (2003) Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging, 30, pp. 1574-1597
Townsend, D. W., Physical principles and technology of clinical PET imaging (2004) Ann Acad Med Singapore, 33, pp. 133-145
Lewis, J. S., Achilefu, S., Garbow, J. R., Laforest, R., Welch, M. J., Small animal imaging: Current technology and perspectives for oncological imaging (2002) Eur J Cancer, 38, pp. 2173-2188
Schafers, K. P., Imaging small animals with positron emission tomography (2003) Nuklearmedizin, 42, pp. 86-89
Jeavons, A. P., Chandler, R. A., Dettmar, C. A. R., A 3D HIDAC-PET camera with sub-millimetre resolution (1999) IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 46, pp. 468-473
Knoll, G. F., Radiation detection and measurement (1979), p. 349. , New York, John Wiley & SonsChung, Y. H., Choi, Y., Cho, G., Choe, Y. S., Lee, K. H., Kim, B. T., Characterization of dual layer phoswich detector performance for small animal PET using Monte Carlo simulation (2004) Phys Med Biol, 49, pp. 2881-2890
Cherry, S. R., Shao, Y., Siegel, S., Optical fiber readout of scintillator array using a multi-channel PMT: A high resolution PET detector for animal imaging (1996) IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 43, pp. 1932-1937
Ziegler, S. I., Pichler, B. J., Boening, G., A prototype high-resolution animal positron tomograph with avalanche photodiode arrays and LSO crystals (2001) Eur J Nucl Med, 28, pp. 136-143
Walledge, R. J., Manavaki, R., Reader, A. J., Quad-HIDAC PET: Comparison of four image reconstruction techniques for high resolution imaging (2001) IEEE Trans Med Imaging, 48, pp. 100-104
(2004), http: //www. ise-srl. com/, Accessed December 10Del Guerra, A., Daminani, C., Di Domenico, G., Motta, A., Giganti, M., Marchesini, R., An integrated PET-SPECT small animal imager: Preliminary results (2000) IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 47, pp. 1537-1540
(2004), http: //concorde. ctimi. com/, Accessed September 2Tai, Y. C., Ruangma, A., Rowland, D., Performance evaluation of the microPET Focus: A third-generation microPET scanner dedicated to animal imaging (2005) J Nucl Med, 46, pp. 455-463
Meikle, S. R., Eberl, S., Fulton, R. R., Kassiou, M., Fulham, M. J., The influence of tomograph sensitivity on kinetic parameter estimation in positron emission tomography imaging studies of the rat brain (2000) Nucl Med Biol, 27, pp. 617-625
Hume, S. P., Brown, D. J., Ashworth, S., Hirani, E., Luthra, S. K., Lammertsma, A. A., In vivo saturation kinetics of two dopamine transporter probes measured using a small animal positron emission tomography scanner (1997) J Neurosci Methods, 76, pp. 45-51
Jagoda, E. M., Vaquero, J. J., Seidel, J., Green, M. V., Eckelman, W. C., Experiment assessment of mass effects in the rat: Implications for small animal PET imaging (2004) Nucl Med Biol, 31, pp. 771-779
Levin, C. S., Hoffman, E. J., Calculation of positron range and its effect on the fundamental limit of positron emission tomography system spatial resolution (1999) Phys Med Biol, 44, pp. 781-799
Reader, A. J., Ally, S., Bakatselos, F., One-pass list-mode EM algorithm for high-resolution 3-D PET image reconstruction into large arrays (2002) IEEE Trans Nucl Sci, 49, pp. 693-699
Small animal PET: A review of commercially available imaging systems
More than ten years ago, several research groups started to develop Positron Emission Tomography (PET) systems dedicated to animal studies. The growing interest in pre-clinical imaging studies, both in biological and medical basic research, and in pharmaceutical industry, has recently induced the world-leading manufacturers of medical image equipment to invest in this market. Some of the proposed scanner prototypes in an overhauled and/or enhanced version, turned into commercial systems, and five PET scanners dedicated to small animals (mice and rats) are today commercially available: "Explore Vista" from General Electric Healthcare (Waukesha, Wisconsin, USA), "microPET Focus" from Concorde Microsystems, Inc., (Knoxville, Tennessee, USA), "quad-HIDAC" from Oxford Positron Systems Ltd. (Weston-on-the-Green, Oxfordshire, UK), "Mosaic" from Philips Medical Systems (Milpitas, California, USA) and "Yap-PET" from I.S.E. Srl (Migliarino Pisano, Pisa, Italy). This paper reviews the commercially available systems describing each tomograph in terms of gantry geometry, detector material, detector size and configuration, and reporting the parameters (field of view, spatial resolution and sensitivity) characterizing the imaging capability. A critical discussion on some aspects related to the use of these systems is reported.
Small animal PET: A review of commercially available imaging systems
Hesse B, Tagil K, Cuocolo A, Anagnostopoulos C, Bardies M, Bax J, Bengel F, Busemann Sokole E, Davies G, Dondi M, Edenbrandt L, Franken P, Kjaer A, Knuuti J, Lassmann M, Ljungberg M, Marcassa C, Marie PY, Mckiddie F, O'connor M, Prvuolovich E, Underwood R * 3. 0 T perfusion MR imaging(694 views) Rivista Di Neuroradiologia (ISSN: 1120-9976), 2004; 17(6): 807-812. Impact Factor:0.023 ViewExport to BibTeXExport to EndNote