Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
Universit degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
References: Not available.
(In)organic anions as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widespread enzymes in all life kingdoms with five distinct genetic families known to date, the alpha-, alpha-, gamma-, delta- and zeta-CAs. With the exception of the delta-class, which is less investigated to date, enzymes from the remaining classes found in vertebrates, corals, fungi, bacteria and archaea have been studied for their inhibition with simple inorganic anions as well as more complex inorganic and organic ones. In this paper we review the available data for the inhibition of these enzymes with all anions except sulfonamides and their bioisosteres (sulfamates, sulfamides) which have been reviewed earlier. Anion inhibitors are important both for understanding the inhibition/catalytic mechanisms of these enzymes and for designing novel types of inhibitors which may have clinical applications for the management of a variety of disorders in which CAs are involved. Environmental aspects of CO2 fixation by CAs present in plants, corals, algae or diatoms and how this may be affected by inhibitors are also discussed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
(In)organic anions as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors